By Afeziwe Mdluli
Unwanted pregnancy is a challenge faced by many young people, from high school learners to university students and young working adults. According to the the United Nation’s Population Fund, in 2022, nearly half of the 121 million pregnancies worldwide each year were unintended. In Southern Africa, 65% of pregnancies between 2015 and 2019 were unintended, with 36% ending in abortion. A study by Durex in 2018, found that more than half of the South African participants had had unprotected sex at least once.
A key factor leading to unwanted pregnancy is the lack of information about prevention, along with limited awareness of available methods. To raise awareness and combat the increasing rate of unwanted pregnancies, here’s a guide of some popular and accessible methods to limit the risk of pregnancy if you are sexually active or planning to be.
Emergency Morning After Pill
Prevention is ideal, but if you’ve had sex without active birth control, the morning after pill is an option. This emergency pill should be taken soon after unprotected sex to reduce the chances of pregnancy. It’s effective within 72 hours (3 days) of unprotected sex. Some pills may be effective up to 120 hours (5 days) after sex. The pill is available over the counter at pharmacies for between R75 to R120 and also in public clinics and hospitals for those who can’t afford it.
However, it’s not recommended to use this method frequently, as it could potentially cause fertility issues in the future. It’s not effective for women who are already pregnant.
Daily contraceptive pills
This contraceptive method involves a small pill, available in two types. The combined pill contains estrogen and progestin, preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs and thickening cervical mucus. The mini pill, containing only progestin, is an alternative for those affected by estrogen. Unlike the morning after pill, it’s taken daily at a consistent time. Forgetting to take the pill increases the risk of pregnancy.
“The world has seen a vast expansion in effective, modern contraceptives,” notes the UNFPA. When taken correctly, it’s 93% effective and can also reduce period cramps and regulate menstrual flow. Some women may experience skin benefits.
Love gloves for men
Rubbers, willy warmers, love gloves – call them what you like, the male condom, made of latex, is a common contraceptive method. It’s important to use it correctly to prevent pregnancy. Condoms also protect against STIs and HIV/AIDS. They should be used only once and disposed of properly after sex. Male and female condoms are available for purchase and are also distributed for free at public clinics and hospitals. There are various sizes and flavors to suit preferences. For those allergic to latex, look into polyurethane options.
Injectable contraceptives and patches
This method involves a hormone injection given by a health professional. You can choose to have it once a month or every three months. It’s 96-97% effective but requires timely follow-up injections to maintain its effectiveness. The injection prevents pregnancy but does not protect against STIs. The contraceptive patch is an alternative for those who prefer not to use needles. You apply a new patch once a week for three weeks, with a break during the fourth week to allow for a menstrual period. The patch can be applied to the arm, buttocks, or back. When used correctly, it’s highly effective in preventing unwanted pregnancy.
Remember, all contraceptive methods have their limitations, and the only method that prevents both pregnancy and STIs is the condom.
Stay safe.